← The Peter Attia Drive

#05 - Dom D'Agostino, Ph.D.: ketosis, n=1, exogenous ketones, HBOT, seizures, and cancer

Jul 16, 2018 2h 43m 27 insights
<p>Dom digs deep into the research and application of ketogenic diets, exogenous ketones, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, and treating cancer with a metabolic approach. Plus, we lost track of the number of n=Dom experiments mentioned in this episode.</p> <p>We discuss:</p> <ul> <li>Dom's early medical training in hyperbaric chambers [<a href="">7:00</a>];</li> <li>Effect of ketones on cancer cells [<a href="">20:00</a>];</li> <li>Ketones and oxygen toxicity seizures [32:00];</li> <li>HBOT & its many applications [40:00];</li> <li>Ketones, MCTs, and exogenous ketones [59:15];</li> <li>How ketones affect blood glucose [<a href="">1:20:00</a>];</li> <li>Ketone esters, salts, enantiomers vs. racemic BOHB [<a href="">1:38:00</a>];</li> <li>Dom's ketone tolerance test [<a href="">1:56:00</a>];</li> <li>The metabolic management of cancer with a Press-Pulse approach [1:59:45]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p> <span> Learn more at <a href="http://www.peterattiamd.com/"><span><u>www.PeterAttiaMD.com</u></span></a></span></p> <p> <span>Connect with Peter on <a href=""> <span> <u>Facebook</u></span></a> | <a href=""> <span> <u>Twitter</u></span></a> | <a href=""> <span> <u>Instagram</u></span></a>.</span></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Seek Medical Guidance for Cancer

If afflicted by cancer, use the information discussed to identify appropriate clinical trials or pursue therapies under strict medical guidance, as podcast content is not medical advice.

2. Target Glucose Ketone Index 1-2

For cancer metabolic therapy, aim to maintain a Glucose Ketone Index (GKI) between 1 and 2, meaning blood glucose (in mmol/L) should be no more than twice the blood ketone level (in mmol/L).

3. Implement Supplemented Ketogenic Intermittent Fasting

To achieve and maintain a GKI of 1-2, practice supplemented ketogenic intermittent fasting by eating within a restricted window (e.g., 6 hours) and using exogenous ketones during the fasting window if needed.

4. Utilize Exogenous Ketones for GKI

If struggling to maintain a GKI of 1-2, consume exogenous ketones during fasting periods or even during feeding periods as a non-fermentable calorie source to help lower glucose and elevate ketones.

5. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Cancer

For GBM, consider hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) at 2.5 atmospheres for 60 minutes, three times a week, starting at low pressures (e.g., 1.5 ATA) and gradually increasing, while being aware of seizure risk.

6. Intravenous Vitamin C for Cancer

To enhance oxidative stress specifically in tumors, consider intravenous (IV) vitamin C (25-100 grams) as a pro-oxidant, especially when combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

7. Avoid Antioxidants in Cancer Therapy

Avoid using antioxidant supplements during cancer therapy, as many treatments (like radiation and some chemotherapy) work by enhancing oxidative stress, and antioxidants may counteract their efficacy.

8. Consider Low-Dose Metformin for Cancer

Consider a low dose of metformin (starting at 500 mg/day, gradually increasing up to 2000 mg/day if tolerated) as part of a cancer metabolic therapy to activate AMP kinase, decrease insulin, and potentially increase ketones.

9. Use Glycolytic Inhibitors (Pulsed)

When using powerful glycolytic inhibitors like 2-deoxyglucose, 3-bromopyruvate, and lonitamine, implement a pulse protocol of two weeks on, two weeks off to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects.

10. Pulsed Low-Dose Insulin (Clinical)

In a clinical setting, consider a pulsed low-dose insulin IV to induce temporary hypoglycemia (1-2 mmol/L) to sensitize tumor tissue to other metabolic agents, especially when fermentable fuels are restricted.

11. Strong Ketosis for HBOT Safety

If undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy, especially with a brain injury, aim for strong nutritional ketosis to reduce the risk of CNS oxygen toxicity and seizures.

12. Consider Soft HBOT Chambers for TBI

For traumatic brain injury (TBI), consider using soft hyperbaric chambers (1.4-1.5 ATA) as a potentially safer alternative to high-pressure chambers.

13. Spread MCT Consumption for Tolerance

To increase MCT tolerance and ketone levels, spread MCT consumption throughout the day across multiple meals, incorporating it into foods like salad dressings or coffee.

14. Understand Racemic Ketone Salts

Be aware that most commercial ketone salts are racemic (contain both D and L forms), and while current research shows therapeutic benefits, the historical context of pharmacology suggests potential unknown risks with non-physiological enantiomers.

15. L-Form Ketones for Anti-Inflammation

When considering ketone supplements, note that racemic ketone salts, which include the L-form, may offer prolonged anti-inflammatory effects due to the L-form’s slower metabolism and longer presence in tissues.

16. D-BHB for Metabolic Fuel

For pure metabolic fuel, D-beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) may have advantages over racemic forms.

17. Perform a Ketone Tolerance Test

Perform a ‘ketone tolerance test’ by ingesting a known amount of ketones and measuring blood BHB, glucose, insulin, and fatty acids at regular intervals (30, 60, 90, 120 minutes) to understand individual ketone utilization.

18. Use Urine Ketone Strips (Beginners)

Use urine ketone strips as a starting point to determine if you are in ketosis, especially for beginners.

19. Aim for 80 mg/dL Urine Ketones

Aim for a urine acetoacetate level of around 80 mg/dL on a urine ketone strip to confirm a state of ketosis.

20. Incorporate Low-Intensity Exercise/Mindfulness

Incorporate low-intensity exercise, meditation, and yoga into a cancer metabolic therapy plan to support overall well-being and potentially enhance therapeutic effects.

21. Immerse and Self-Experiment for Learning

Immerse yourself in what you’re doing and engage in self-experimentation to learn effectively and gain deeper insights.

22. Explore Ketonutrition.org

Visit ketonutrition.org for information on ketogenic nutrition, including podcasts, nutrition consultants, resources like the Charlie Foundation, and blog posts on ketone supplements and self-experimentation.

23. Attend Metabolic Health Summit

Attend the Metabolic Health Summit (Jan 30-Feb 3, Long Beach, CA) to learn about basic science, clinical applications, and new technologies in metabolic health and nutritional ketosis from experts and industry leaders.

24. Follow Dom D’Agostino on Social Media

Follow Dominic D’Agostino on Twitter (@DominicDagosti2) and Facebook (@DominicDagostino1) for updates and information.

25. Utilize Podcast Show Notes/Timestamps

Pay attention to show notes and use timestamps to navigate the podcast like a buffet, going directly to topics of interest.

26. Sign up for Peter Attia’s Email/Social

Visit peteratiamd.com/podcast for show notes, readings, and links, or sign up for the weekly email for updates on longevity, science, performance, and sleep; follow @peteratiamd on social media.

27. Skip Technical Podcast Sections

If the podcast becomes too technical, do not hesitate to skip ahead to later sections that may be more relevant or easier to follow.