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TKP Insights: Philosophy

Jul 4, 2023 1h 7m 32 insights
In the fourth installment in a series of episodes, The Knowledge Project curates essential segments from six guests revolving around one theme: philosophy. This episode will help you control your anger in heated circumstances, explain how what you focus on makes achieving goals easier, gives you a recipe to increase happiness through gratitude, walk you through the three layers of emotion according to the stoics, teach you the importance of focusing on directives, and will explain how happiness isn’t a rate, but a rate of change. The guests on this episode are author Ryan Holiday (Episode 128), Associate Professor of Psychology at New York University Emily Bacletis (Episode 154), author and happiness-expert Neil Pasricha (Episode 72), a Distinguished University Professor and Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University Nancy Sherman, (Episode 126), “philosopher-king” and author Derek Sivers (Episode 88), and professional heavy-weight boxer, philosopher, and poet Ed Latimore (Episode 22). --   Want even more? Members get early access, hand-edited transcripts, member-only episodes, and so much more. Learn more here: https://fs.blog/membership/ Every Sunday our Brain Food newsletter shares timeless insights and ideas that you can use at work and home. Add it to your inbox: https://fs.blog/newsletter/   Follow Shane on Twitter at: https://twitter.com/ShaneAParrish   Our
Actionable Insights

1. Pursue Challenges for Happiness

Continuously push towards new challenges and goals, understanding that happiness comes from the “rate of change” or growth, not a static state. Resting on laurels leads to unhappiness; consistent striving provides purpose and fosters genuine, lasting happiness beyond temporary material boosts.

2. Practice the Pause

Implement a pause before responding to situations, especially when provoked or angry, by using techniques like reciting the alphabet or drafting emails to review later. Immediate reactions are rarely the right ones, and a pause allows for rational, strategic thought, preventing irreversible mistakes.

3. Don’t Announce Goals

Avoid publicly announcing your goals or what you plan to do; instead, only share what you have already accomplished. Announcing goals provides “false recognition” and dopamine hits, tricking your brain into thinking the work is done, thus depleting motivation and hindering actual progress.

4. Leverage Inertia by Acting

Take advantage of physical inertia by completing tasks (like washing dishes or getting out of bed) immediately when you are already moving, rather than sitting down first. This prevents the need for motivation to overcome inertia later, reduces mental load, avoids interruptions, and makes life significantly easier by streamlining activities.

5. Cultivate Temperament in Moments

Practice controlling your emotional responses and cultivating a calm temperament in minor, everyday situations. This builds the “muscle” for managing emotions, making it possible to maintain control during major, high-stakes challenges.

6. Practice Daily Gratitude

Engage in a daily “rose, rose, thorn, bud” exercise, sharing two gratitudes, one challenge, and one future anticipation, ideally around the dinner table. This practice helps develop new neural pathways to see the positive, adds perspective, and is scientifically shown to increase happiness and physical health over time.

7. Create Personal Directives

After learning and reflecting on an idea, condense it into a succinct, actionable “directive” or command for yourself. This process of creating your own directives (like flashcards) is the true moment of learning and helps your future self remember and implement the action, especially for subjects you care deeply about.

8. Embrace Perception-Reality Gap

Consciously manipulate your perception of reality, especially regarding challenges like exercise distance, to make tasks seem easier. This “self-trickery” changes your mindset, increases self-efficacy, and translates into improved performance and motivation.

9. Recognize Passions as Mistakes

Identify and be aware of “passions” (envy, lust, anger, fear, pain, worry) as the underlying cause of most mistakes. These emotional states override rationality, leading to impulsive actions that can’t be undone.

10. Monitor Impressions & Journal

Practice “observing ego” by monitoring your reactions to impulses and affronts, and engage in daily journaling to reflect on your emotional responses. Journaling and self-observation help clarify thinking, make sense of experiences, and create a pause to allow reason to take control of emotions, preventing debilitating reactions.

11. Live in the Present

Actively seek and appreciate tiny pleasurable moments daily, recognizing the brevity and fragility of life. This counteracts the brain’s natural negativity bias, ensuring you don’t miss the “awesomeness” of being alive and live your best life today.

12. Prepare for the Worst

Actively prepare for the worst-case scenarios, both mentally and financially, without obsessing over them. Since the future is unknowable, this ensures you are resilient to potential disasters, allowing you to better appreciate good times.

13. Expect Disaster

Mentally prepare for disaster to strike at any time, assuming that health, family, freedom, and money could disappear. This mindset helps you make plans accordingly and fosters a deeper appreciation for what you have, as you know it could be your last time experiencing it.

14. Choose Opportunity Over Loyalty

Prioritize opportunity and what’s best for your future over loyalty to locations, corporations, or past statements, reserving loyalty only for key human relationships. This allows for adaptability and thriving in an unknowable future, as it frees you from being bound by outdated commitments.

15. Choose Plans with Options

When making decisions, opt for plans that maximize your future options and flexibility. This approach allows you to adapt to changing situations and moods, providing resilience in an uncertain world.

16. Avoid Planning

To maintain maximum flexibility, avoid making plans too far in advance and defer decisions until the last possible moment. This acknowledges the unknowable nature of the future and allows you to respond optimally to current situations and moods.

17. Own Little, Depend Less

Minimize your possessions and reduce your dependencies. Owning less makes you less vulnerable and less affected by potential disasters.

18. Self-Assess Anger’s True Cost

Honestly evaluate the true impact and cost of your anger. To recognize that anger is usually a corrosive fuel, not a positive force, and leads to mistakes.

19. Recognize Three Layers of Emotion

Understand emotions exist in three layers: proto-emotions (physical reactions), debilitating emotions (endorsed impulses like anger/fear), and rational emotions (cultivated states like cautiousness, rational desire, charitable pleasure). This framework helps in managing emotions by identifying where they originate and aspiring to cultivate the third, more serene layer through reason and pause.

20. Pre-rehearse Bad Scenarios

Mentally pre-rehearse potential negative events or challenges that might occur during the day. This practice helps prepare you emotionally and mentally, setting you up to better handle difficult situations when they arise.

21. Use Eastern Practices

Employ Eastern mindful practices, such as using a mantra, to quiet your mind and empty it of incessant thoughts. This helps calm the autonomic system, slowing down sped-up emotions and creating mental space for more reasoned responses.

22. Seek Directives from Sources

For subjects you don’t care to deep-dive into, seek simple, actionable directives from trusted sources. This allows you to implement effective actions without needing to understand all the underlying details, provided the source is trustworthy and the environment is stable.

23. Narrow Visual Focus for Exercise

When exercising (running/walking), narrow your visual focus to a specific target ahead, ignoring peripheral distractions. This technique makes distances appear shorter and the exercise feel less painful, leading to increased speed and efficiency, and encouraging more frequent activity.

24. Start Day with Cuddles

For parents of young children, start the day by cuddling and discussing what everyone is looking forward to, and reflecting on lessons learned from the previous day. This builds connection, fosters a positive outlook, and encourages spaced repetition of learning from experiences.

25. Use a “Death Clock”

Consider using a “death clock” (like Kevin Kelly’s) that displays your remaining days based on expected lifespan. This tool, though seemingly dark, can be empowering by providing information that encourages you to prioritize how you spend your time and avoid wasting it.

26. Avoid Prioritizing Lifestyle Design

Do not prioritize lifestyle design focused on immediate gratification and shaping surroundings to please every desire. This path leads to unhappiness by fostering self-centeredness and a constant need for external validation.

27. Avoid Chasing Comparison

Do not seek happiness by constantly acquiring new things or chasing the fleeting joy of comparing old possessions to new ones. Happiness derived from comparison is temporary; once the new becomes the norm, you’ll need another new thing, leading to a perpetual cycle of dissatisfaction.

28. Avoid Buying for Identity

Avoid buying expensive items solely to project identity or status, especially when renting or simpler options are available. Basing your identity on possessions leads to a focus on external validation rather than intrinsic worth, hindering true happiness.

29. Avoid Internalizing New Status

Do not internalize a new status as a reason to relax, become complacent, or believe you’re above past needs or experiences. This mindset can lead to a sense of entitlement and an inability to adapt or appreciate simpler joys, making it harder to be happy.

30. Avoid Being a Connoisseur

Do not become a connoisseur who insists on only the finest, as defined by others. This habit will make you unhappy with anything less than perfection, creating constant dissatisfaction and limiting your enjoyment of everyday things.

31. Avoid Obsessing Over Possessions

Do not spend excessive time and energy focusing on the features and optimization of your material possessions. This diverts attention from more meaningful pursuits and can lead to an unhealthy attachment to objects, rather than experiences or relationships.

32. Avoid Acclimating to Comfort

Do not acclimate yourself to extreme comfort or eliminate every discomfort, and avoid blaming others when the world doesn’t meet your standards. This leads to fragility, an inability to cope with hardship, and a victim mentality, all of which are detrimental to happiness.