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#86 BJ Fogg: The Science of Lasting Change

Jun 23, 2020 1h 9m 33 insights
Stanford behavior scientist BJ Fogg reveals why everything you know about habits is wrong – and the surprising truth about how they form. Fogg shares his groundbreaking research, showing that emotions, not repetition, create lasting habits. Drawing from over a decade of research at Stanford's Behavior Design Lab, he explains his proven three-phase system for breaking hard-to-change behaviors, how to harness your environment to make change effortless, and why tiny actions lead to remarkable transformation. You'll learn why motivation isn't the key to change, how to redesign your environment for automatic success (including his ingenious "super fridge" method), and the scientific way to make or break any habit in just 5 days. Whether you're trying to build better habits or break challenging ones, this conversation provides an evidence-based blueprint for lasting personal change.
Actionable Insights

1. Tiny Successes Shift Identity

Engage in very small, achievable behaviors and allow yourself to feel successful, as these tiny successes can lead to a powerful shift in self-perception and identity, enabling you to do harder things.

2. Emotions Create Habits

Understand that emotions, particularly positive ones, are what cause your brain to rewire and form habits, not mere repetition, making the change process feel good and less like suffering.

3. Use Celebration to Hack Emotions

Immediately after performing a desired behavior, celebrate with a ‘hack’ like a fist pump, thinking of something joyful, or any action that evokes a strong positive emotion, to help wire in the habit quickly.

4. Make It Easy When Motivation Low

When your motivation for a behavior is low, ensure the behavior is extremely easy to perform, as high ability can compensate for low motivation and ensure the action still gets done.

5. Scale Back Behaviors to Tiny

If a behavior is too difficult, scale it back to a ’tiny’ version (e.g., floss one tooth instead of all, work out for four minutes instead of an hour) to make it achievable and build momentum.

6. Simplify Behavior, Reduce Motivation Need

Regularly simplify and redesign your environment to make desired behaviors easier, thereby reducing the amount of motivation required to perform them consistently.

7. Untangle Bad Habits Systematically

To stop an unwanted habit, systematically untangle it by first trying to remove the prompt, then making the behavior harder to do, and finally attempting to change your motivation level, in that specific order.

8. Create Good Habits First

To address unwanted habits, first focus on practicing and creating a variety of good habits, as this process can shift your identity, build behavior change skills, and reduce fear, potentially pushing out unwanted behaviors.

9. Swap Unwanted Habits

If other methods fail to stop an unwanted habit, replace it with a new, desired behavior (a ‘swap’) that is either more motivating or easier to do than the original habit.

10. Redesign Environment for Ease

Continuously design and redesign your physical environment to make desired ‘good’ behaviors as easy as possible to perform, rather than relying on willpower.

11. Simplify Access to Tools

To ensure consistent behavior, simplify access to necessary tools or items (e.g., vitamins) by organizing them in a dedicated, easily accessible spot and removing any small barriers like bottle caps.

12. Remove Temptations from Environment

To avoid relying on willpower, remove all tempting or ‘bad’ items from your immediate environment (e.g., fridge) and stock it only with options that align with your desired plan.

13. Optimize Lighting Environment

Consciously manage your lighting environment throughout the day, using natural light when possible and adjusting artificial light (e.g., amber in evening, red at night) to support desired states like energy or relaxation.

14. Manage Sound Environment

Recognize the significant impact of sound on your environment and actively manage it to optimize for better decisions, thinking, or overall well-being.

15. Adjust Difficulty to Motivation

Assess your current motivation level for a task and adjust the difficulty of the behavior accordingly, aiming to do the hardest behavior you can manage in that moment.

16. Help People Do What They Want

To facilitate behavior change, identify and align with what people already want to do or their existing aspirations, rather than trying to force new desires.

17. Change Personal Narrative

To change your perception or view of a situation, consciously alter the narrative or story you tell yourself about it.

18. Diminish Fear to Foster Hope

To increase motivation and enable harder actions, focus on diminishing fear, which allows hope to emerge as a powerful motivator.

19. Use Stories to Establish Cause-Effect

To influence behavior, use well-told stories or narratives to establish clear cause-and-effect relationships, which can build hope or fear around specific actions.

20. Avoid False Stories

Do not tell false stories or narratives, as they can create false hopes or fears that are very difficult to dislodge from people’s minds, potentially causing harm.

21. Join Destination Groups

To change your behavior, join a ‘destination group’ or community that is already performing the behaviors you aspire to adopt, making it easier for you to conform.

22. Join Journey Groups

To make a change, join a ‘journey group’ with other novices who share the same goal, supporting each other through the process of adopting new behaviors.

23. Become a Teacher/Guru

To solidify your own behavioral change and competence, progress from a novice to a teacher or guru by instructing others in the desired behavior.

24. Adjust Unsupportive Friendships

If certain friendships hinder your desired behavioral changes, consider reducing your engagement with them or, if necessary, ending them.

25. Seek Household Support

When making a positive change, communicate your intentions to your household members and ask for their support to prevent unintentional sabotage.

26. Set Tiny, Achievable Goals

When faced with a larger task, set the bar extremely low (e.g., tidy one thing in the car) to overcome procrastination and initiate the behavior, knowing that starting often leads to doing more.

27. Use Weekend Routine Cards

Create a physical card with a list of weekly routines (e.g., cleaning tasks) and make the habit pulling out that card to prompt yourself to do them.

28. Reframe Object’s Purpose

Reframe the purpose of everyday objects to align with your desired behaviors (e.g., view your fridge as a ‘help us eat healthy device’ rather than just a cooling device) to support your goals.

29. Provide Specific ‘How-To’ Information

To effectively change behavior, provide specific instructions on what behavior to do and how to do it, making it easier for people.

30. Don’t Rely Solely on Information

When trying to change behavior, understand that information alone is not enough for sustained change; it must be combined with specific ‘how-to’ guidance and ease of action.

31. Recognize Difficulty of Stopping Habits

Understand that stopping unwanted habits is generally much harder and a different process than creating new ones, so adjust your approach accordingly and don’t blame yourself if it’s challenging.

32. Be Aware of Social Influence

Recognize that your behavior is heavily influenced by your social environment, including friends and coworkers, and account for this impact on your habits.

33. Effort Indicates Motivation Level

To gauge your own or others’ motivation, observe the amount of effort being put into a task; higher effort often indicates higher motivation.