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How to Make Better Choices (with Barry Schwartz)

Oct 6, 2025 40m 48s 11 insights
<p>Every choice you make shapes your wellbeing - and the bigger the decision, the greater the impact. So when it comes to life-changing questions like where to live, who to marry, or which career to pursue, how can you tell if you&rsquo;re making the best decision for your long-term happiness?</p> <p>Economists might argue that you should weigh up every single option carefully - like a gambler in a casino figuring out the odds of winning. But psychologist Barry Schwartz says you can't apply a formula to happiness. In this episode, he shares insights from his new book, <a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300283990/choose-wisely/"><em>Choose Wisely: Rationality, Ethics, and the Art of Decision-Making</em>&nbsp;</a>(co-authored with philosopher Richard Schuldenfrei), offering a more thoughtful and human approach to making life&rsquo;s hardest choices.</p><p>See <a href="https://omnystudio.com/listener">omnystudio.com/listener</a> for privacy information.</p>
Actionable Insights

1. Embrace “Good Enough” Mindset

Aspire to “good enough” rather than “the best” when making decisions, stopping your search as soon as an option meets your standards. This approach simplifies decision-making and prevents feelings of failure that arise from endless optimization in a world of abundant choices.

2. Clarify Personal Purpose & Aspirations

Before evaluating options for major life decisions, ask yourself “Why am I doing this?”, “What kind of person do I aspire to become?”, and “What do I want to care about?”. This self-reflection helps define your standards and ensures choices align with your desired life trajectory and personal growth.

3. Reject Pure Utility Maximization

Do not solely rely on the rational choice theory of maximizing utility by quantifying outcomes and probabilities for most life decisions. This method is disastrous because real-life choices are rarely like casino gambles and cannot be accurately reduced to numbers.

4. Prioritize Meaning Over Momentary Happiness

Focus on “eudaimonia” – living a good, meaningful life, achieving, and doing things of significance – rather than just seeking momentary “smiley face” happiness. True happiness often involves suffering in service of larger objectives, which focusing on “atoms of happiness” can obscure.

5. Cultivate Reflective Decision-Making

Be a thoughtful and reflective person in your decision-making, rather than slavishly pursuing quantification when it’s inappropriate. This allows you to learn from past experiences and adapt your evaluations for future decisions, recognizing that choices are rarely final.

6. Accept Uncertainty and Imperfection

Recognize and accept that most significant decisions are not “one and done,” will involve inherent uncertainty, and will never be perfect. This mindset fosters adaptability and allows you to continuously reflect and adjust your life and values to make the chosen path a better one over time.

7. Negotiate Conflicting Life Purposes

Acknowledge that different life purposes and desires, such as career ambition and family responsibilities, can conflict and require internal negotiation. Be open to resetting your sights and adapting your goals to prioritize what truly matters for your overall well-being.

8. Cultivate Self & World Understanding

Strive for a deep understanding of yourself – your standards, values, and aspirations – and the relevant environment before making decisions. This understanding, though difficult and imperfect, is crucial for making intelligent guesses and evaluating if an option is truly “good for you.”

9. Allocate Decision Effort Proportionately

Devote time, effort, and reflection to decisions in proportion to their actual importance in your life. This prevents excessive rumination over minor choices while ensuring adequate consideration for major, life-altering decisions.

10. Recognize Inherent Opportunity Costs

Understand and accept that every decision you make comes with opportunity costs, meaning you will inevitably miss out on other potential experiences or outcomes. This perspective helps manage expectations and reduces disappointment by acknowledging the aspects of life you’re leaving behind.

11. Structure Decisions, Avoid Numeric Fantasy

Use tools like spreadsheets to identify and structure the important aspects and available options of a decision, ensuring nothing crucial is overlooked. However, avoid filling cells with numbers and expecting the decision to be automatically made, as that’s a fantasy.