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Happiness Lessons of The Ancients: Socrates and Self-Knowledge

Feb 20, 2023 44m 41s 14 insights
<p>Question everything... that's a key insight from the great Greek philosopher Socrates. We may think we know ourselves and what makes us happy... but that's not always true. </p> <p>Yale professor Tamar Gendler says that by harnessing our "inner Socrates" we can ask ourselves why we think or feel certain things. We might then find that deeply-held convictions that money or status or accolades are a reliable route to happiness aren't correct, and can then start to pursue the things that might really make us happier.  </p><p>See <a href="https://omnystudio.com/listener">omnystudio.com/listener</a> for privacy information.</p>
Actionable Insights

1. Harness Your Inner Socrates

Intentionally question why you think certain things and take particular actions, admitting you might not be as smart as you believe, to gain better self-understanding and increase happiness.

2. Cultivate Socratic Self-Questioning

Regularly ask yourself ‘why do you think that?’ to challenge your own assumptions, beliefs, and values, helping you recognize what you don’t fully understand or if your views lack real justification.

3. Examine Inner Assumptions

Do not trust your first impressions about what you want or need; instead, actively examine your own assumptions about your desires and requirements to uncover your deeper self.

4. Question Happiness Assumptions

Challenge your initial beliefs about what makes you happy (e.g., money, external approval) by reflecting on past experiences and scientific findings, as our minds often mislead us in these areas.

5. Intentionally Examine Emotions & Actions

When experiencing negative emotions or planning actions for happiness, intentionally examine the underlying reasons and identify concrete steps to address them, ensuring alignment with scientific insights.

6. Practice Mindfulness for Self-Knowledge

Engage in mindfulness to authentically recognize what is going on inside you, removing distractions and focusing deliberate attention, serving as a non-verbal method of Socratic self-examination.

7. Doubt Your Self-Knowledge

Be willing to doubt that you truly know yourself, especially regarding the motivations for your feelings or preferences, as our brains can misattribute causes (e.g., confusing physiological arousal for attraction).

8. Embrace Intellectual Humility

Recognize that you know far less than you often think, as this fundamental insight is crucial for living a happier and more examined life.

9. Accept Discomfort of Self-Ignorance

Embrace the humility and temporary discomfort that comes with realizing you don’t fully know yourself, understanding that this recognition is a step towards greater transparency than false certainty.

10. Examine Negative Emotions & Procrastination

When frustrated or procrastinating, ask yourself ‘why am I feeling this emotion?’ or ‘why am I putting this off?’ to uncover underlying reasons like unclear next steps or environmental factors.

11. Apply the Socratic Method

Use the Socratic method by asking questions rather than giving answers to help yourself and others think through their commitments and bring their views into equilibrium or harmony.

12. Treat Yourself with Compassion & Responsibility

Approach your self-questioning with the same compassion and responsibility you would show a friend, acknowledging challenges while still holding yourself accountable for personal growth.

13. Learn About Self Through Others & Science

Understand yourself better by learning about other people and utilizing scientific understanding of human behavior, recognizing that fundamental human tendencies apply broadly.

14. Examine External World Assumptions

Be curious about the natural world and challenge societal norms, inherited truths, and cultural values, rather than accepting them without question, to live a more examined life.