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#046 Dr. Elissa Epel on Telomeres and the Role of Stress Biology in Cellular Aging

Jun 10, 2019 1h 13m 20 insights
<p><strong>Elissa Epel</strong></p> <p>Elissa Epel, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco where she serves as the director of the Aging, Metabolism, and Emotions Center.</p> <p>Her research centers on the mechanisms of healthy aging and the associations between stress, telomere length, addiction, eating, and metabolic health.</p> <p>In this episode, we dive deep into the world of telomeres, the length of which is one of the useful biomarkers scientists have for getting a sense of the differences between how individuals or groups of individuals age. Telomere shortening is both a cause <em>and</em> a symptom of aging and plays key roles in not only how <em>long</em> we live, but in how <em>well</em>. Lifestyle factors such as poor nutrition and smoking can accelerate telomere shortening by generating oxidative stress and inflammation.</p> <p class="p1"><strong>In this episode, we discuss:</strong></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><strong>(00:00)</strong> Introduction and overview</li> <li class="li1"><strong>(12:14)</strong> What are telomeres</li> <li class="li1"><strong>(17:23)</strong> Telomerase activity and cancer</li> <li class="li1"><strong>(22:22)</strong> Factors affecting telomere length:</li> <li class="li1"><strong>(24:50)</strong> Diet, coffee, and sugar</li> <li class="li1"><strong>(30:16)</strong> Chronic stress</li> <li class="li1"><strong>(35:01)</strong> Exercise</li> <li class="li1"><strong>(40:14)</strong> Pregnancy and pre-conception</li> <li class="li1"><strong>(51:19)</strong> Omega-3s EPA and DHA</li> <li class="li1"><strong>(52:12)</strong> Vitamin D</li> <li><strong>(54:01)</strong> Weight loss and glucose management</li> <li><strong>(01:00:30)</strong> Meditation</li> <li><strong>(01:07:39)</strong> Consumer telomere length tests</li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you're interested in learning more, you can read the <a href="https://www.foundmyfitness.com/episodes/elissa-epel">full show notes here</a>.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Join over 300,000 people and get the latest distilled information straight to your inbox weekly:</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.foundmyfitness.com/newsletter">https://www.foundmyfitness.com/newsletter</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Become a FoundMyFitness premium member to get access to exclusive episodes, emails, live Q+A's with Rhonda and more:</span> <a href="https://www.foundmyfitness.com/crowdsponsor"><span style="font-weight: 400;">https://www.foundmyfitness.com/crowdsponsor</span></a></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Address Root Causes of Aging

Focus on fixing underlying lifestyle issues such as unhealthy diet, psychological stress, and lack of sleep, as these are the primary causes of many age-related diseases and impact quality of life more than medication alone.

2. Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle

Embrace a healthy, non-extreme lifestyle in midlife to predict longer telomeres and longevity; actively notice and eliminate toxic habits like smoking, excessive sitting, unchecked chronic stress, and insufficient sleep.

3. Integrate Small, Daily Habits

Make healthy habits “sticky” by integrating small, manageable activities into your daily routine, such as using commute time for mind-body practice or a lunch break for vigorous walking, as these accumulate over time for significant benefits.

4. Eliminate Sugar-Sweetened Beverages

Avoid daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, especially sodas, as liquid sugar causes significant immediate metabolic disturbance and can accelerate aging biomarkers, including telomere shortening by as much as 4.6 additional years.

5. Engage in Regular Exercise

Incorporate regular physical activity, even moderate amounts like 10 minutes a day of vigorous walking, as it can lower stress, reduce ruminative thinking, and lead to longer telomeres, even in high-stress individuals.

6. Achieve Sustainable Weight Loss

Aim for sustainable weight loss, as individuals who maintain a 10% (or even 5%) reduction in body weight for over a year have shown telomere lengthening and improved metabolic health.

7. Focus on Metabolic Health

Prioritize monitoring metabolic health markers like glucose and insulin levels over solely focusing on weight or BMI, as these provide a more accurate indication of overall health and aging status.

8. Cultivate a Positive Morning Mindset

Strive to wake up with a positive outlook, looking forward to the day and feeling joy, as this mindset is associated with better telomerase enzyme activity and healthier cortisol levels compared to waking up anxious or worrying.

9. Recognize and Diffuse Pessimism

Be aware of pessimistic thought patterns, as pessimism is linked to shorter telomeres; acknowledging and laughing at these tendencies can help diffuse their power, even if your underlying style remains.

10. Combine Vigorous and Mind-Body Activity

Integrate both vigorous physical activity (like walking or running) and a restorative mind-body practice (like yoga or meditation) into your routine to benefit from aerobic exercise, enhanced vagal tone, and restorative processes.

11. Foster Positive Social Connections

Actively build and maintain positive social connections and feel supported, as these relationships are identified as important predictors of longevity.

12. Prioritize Preconception Health

Both prospective mothers and fathers should prioritize their health before conception, as the health of their sperm and eggs, influenced by epigenetics, critically shapes the offspring’s health trajectory and telomere length at birth.

13. Supplement with Marine Omega-3s

Consider supplementing with marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), as they are considered safe, beneficial for reducing inflammation and depression, and higher blood levels have been associated with telomere lengthening over four months.

14. Consume Caffeinated Coffee

Caffeinated coffee consumption is associated with longer telomere length.

15. Avoid Pro-Inflammatory Foods

Minimize consumption of pro-inflammatory foods such as red meat (especially processed meat), sugar-sweetened beverages, and high-sugar foods, as these are linked to shorter telomeres and an inflammatory state.

16. Control Your Food Environment

Actively manage your immediate food environment by removing unhealthy options, such as banning sugar-sweetened beverages from work or home, which can dramatically reduce consumption and improve health outcomes.

17. Explore Positive Stressors

Consider incorporating short-term positive stressors, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or extreme breathing techniques, as these may activate anti-aging systems and provide unique benefits to aging processes.

18. Exercise Caution with Telomerase Supplements

Be cautious with telomerase-activating supplements due to concerns about their long-term safety profile and potential cancer risk, as telomerase is pro-cancer and long-term studies are lacking.

19. Approach Telomere Testing with Caution

If considering consumer telomere testing, understand that individual results may not be highly indicative of personal risk compared to population data; it’s more useful for monitoring changes over time, and technical issues can affect accuracy.

20. Be Informed About Telomere Tests

Be aware that telomere length changes are complex (e.g., longer telomeres may shorten faster, short telomeres are more stable), measurement error can occur, and a single test result may not be highly informative or could be upsetting.