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What Distraction Does to Your Brain—and How To Regain Cognitive Control | Adam Gazzaley

May 26, 2025 1h 13m 15 insights
<p dir="ltr">Distraction is making you anxious and sleepless. Here's how to fix it.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p dir="ltr"><a href="https://gazzaley.com/">Adam Gazzaley</a>, M.D., Ph.D. is the David Dolby Distinguished Professor of Neurology, Physiology and Psychiatry, and Founder & Executive Director of <a href="https://neuroscape.ucsf.edu/">Neuroscape</a> at UCSF. He co-authored the 2016 book "<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Distracted-Mind-Ancient-Brains-High-Tech/dp/0262034948">The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High-Tech World</a>". </p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p dir="ltr">In this episode we talk about:</p> <ul> <li dir="ltr">The impact of multitasking on our attention, relationships, emotions, anxiety, and memory</li> <li dir="ltr">The difference between top-down and bottom-up attention</li> <li dir="ltr">What it means to have cognitive control—and some practical tools for restoring your own cognitive control. </li> <li dir="ltr">Controversial technologies that could eventually help us have a stronger brain</li> <li dir="ltr">The impact of music and rhythm on the mind</li> <li dir="ltr">And how to use technology for your brain's benefit</li> </ul> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Join Dan's online community <a href="http://www.danharris.com">here</a></p> <p dir="ltr">Follow Dan on social: <a href="https://bit.ly/3tGigG5">Instagram</a>, <a href="https://bit.ly/3FOA84J">TikTok</a></p> <p dir="ltr">Subscribe to our <a href="https://bit.ly/3FybRzD">YouTube Channel</a></p> <p> </p>
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Cognitive Well-being

Recognize that cognition, encompassing attention, memory, decision-making, emotional regulation, and empathy, is foundational to addressing global challenges and personal well-being. This broad understanding should be prioritized for optimization in your life.

2. Avoid Multitasking Habits

Understand that multitasking is a neurological impossibility as our brains can only focus on one thing at a time, leading to doing several things poorly and degrading cognition. This degradation can negatively impact memory, perception, decision-making, relationships, sleep, and increase anxiety.

3. Cultivate Tech Meta-awareness

Develop meta-awareness about your technology usage, understanding how your behaviors with devices influence your life. This awareness is a crucial first step in shifting habits towards healthier engagement.

4. Take Responsibility for Tech Use

Take personal responsibility for how you use technology, rather than handing over control to its powerful influences. Make conscious decisions about your engagement and form new, healthier habits.

5. Establish Phone-Free Zones/Times

Create specific phone-free zones or times, such as not bringing your phone into children’s rooms, during family dinners, or after a certain evening hour. This prevents distraction and enhances the quality of your experiences and relationships.

6. Modify Environment for Focus

Actively modify your environment to reduce the accessibility of distracting information sources, such as putting your phone in your trunk while driving or not having multiple tabs open. This encourages sustained focus on your current task or interaction.

7. Silence Phone Notifications

Prevent your attention from being constantly pulled away by the constant ringing and pinging of your phone, even when monotasking, to maintain focus and reduce interference.

8. Practice Concentrative Meditation

Engage in concentrative meditation, such as breath-focused meditation (e.g., 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week for six weeks), by holding your attention to a subtle stimulus and gently bringing it back when distracted. This practice can improve your ability to control and sustain attention.

9. Seek Nature for Restoration

Spend time in nature to restore cognitive control and alleviate cognitive fatigue. The strong bottom-up influences of the natural world allow your top-down attention to relax and recover.

10. Integrate Regular Cognitive Breaks

Take regular breaks from high-intensity, top-down cognitive activities to prevent fatigue and performance decrement. Recognize that your brain, like your body, needs recovery.

11. Select Restorative Break Activities

Choose breaks that truly restore cognitive control, such as meditation, relaxation, physical exercise, or nature exposure. Avoid switching to other high-intensity or stress-inducing tasks like checking email or social media.

12. Assess Information Quality

Apply a ‘cognitive nutritional index’ to the information you consume, making conscious decisions about what you engage with, similar to how you choose food. Prioritize high-quality cognitive input over low-value ‘doom scrolling’.

13. Engage in Rhythmic Activities

Actively engage in rhythmic experiences, such as music or dance training, to ‘fine-tune’ your brain. Becoming more rhythmic can improve working memory and reading fluency by enhancing neural communication and synchrony.

14. Understand Attention Limitations

Recognize that your brain’s ability to process information is limited, its filtering of irrelevant data is imperfect, and its capacity to sustain attention is finite, making cognitive control vulnerable to interference.

15. Reflect on Multitasking Impact

Engage in introspection about the impact of your multitasking behavior on yourself and your environment. Awareness of its negative consequences (e.g., guilt, sleep issues, disrupted work) can be anxiety-provoking and motivate change.