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The Surprising Upsides of Self-Deception | Shankar Vedantam

Jun 9, 2021 1h 10m 16 insights
Anyone with a passing familiarity with Buddhism will know that "delusion" is rarely, if ever, mentioned in a positive way. In fact, the Buddha included delusion (aka: confusion about the way things really are) on his list of "the three poisons." The whole point of meditation, per the Buddha, is to uproot delusion -- along with greed and hatred. Only then can you be enlightened.  My guest today is here to valiantly make the case that delusion -- or self-deception -- has an upside. Many upsides, in fact. While he concedes that self-deception can, of course, be massively harmful, he argues that it also plays a vital role in our success and wellbeing, and that it holds together friendships, marriages, and nations. Understanding this, he says, can make you happier, more effective, and -- crucially -- more empathetic with people with whom you disagree. Shankar Vedantam is the host of the popular podcast and radio show Hidden Brain. His new book is called Useful Delusions: The Power and Paradox of the Self-Deceiving Brain. In this conversation, we talk about: the many ways our brains filter and alter our perception of reality; why we evolved for a robust capacity to lie to ourselves; and how his research on delusions has colored his view of the chaos and confusion of our modern world. Are you excited about the upcoming Taming Anxiety Challenge? If so, you can download the Ten Percent Happier app today to get ready: https://10percenthappier.app.link/install Full Shownotes: https://www.tenpercent.com/podcast-episode/shankar-vedantam-354
Actionable Insights

1. Approach Disagreements with Empathy

When encountering someone with outlandish views, begin with empathy, compassion, and questions to understand the psychological purpose of their belief, rather than arguing with facts. This is because delusions often serve a functional psychological purpose, and addressing this underlying need is more effective than simply presenting facts.

2. Address Delusions’ Psychological Purpose

To effectively change someone’s dangerous delusion, go beyond presenting facts and instead inquire about the underlying psychological purpose the delusion serves for them. Then, explore alternative ways to meet that psychological need, as this approach is more effective than just presenting facts.

3. Mindfully Manage Self-Deceptions

Observe your self-deceptions and consciously decide whether to embrace them if they produce good outcomes, or challenge them if they cause harm. This allows for intentional management of your mental landscape, leveraging beneficial delusions while combating harmful ones.

4. Validate Fears in Difficult Talks

When discussing sensitive topics, acknowledge and validate the other person’s fears, explaining that they often stem from positive intentions like love for family. This approach avoids belittling their concerns, dials down the emotional temperature, and fosters a more empathetic conversation, which is more effective than just presenting data.

5. Cultivate Positive Relationship Illusions

Believe positive things about your romantic partner, such as them being very handsome or kind, even if those things are not completely true. This self-deception can lead to a happier and more stable relationship.

6. Embrace Parental Delusions

Allow yourself to believe your child is special and miraculous, even if it’s a delusion. This “useful delusion” helps parents undertake great difficulties to protect and raise their children securely, making them better parents.

7. Disidentify from Emotions

Regularly remind yourself that you are not your emotions; rather, emotions are transient phenomena happening to you, not defining who you are. This practice helps you stand apart from your experiences, fostering patience and allowing you to see the truth in those emotions without being consumed by them.

8. Observe as Experiencer and Observer

Practice observing your experiences and emotions, rather than solely identifying as the experiencer, ideally being both the experiencer and the observer simultaneously. This allows for a helpful distance from what’s happening, similar to psychotherapy, enabling you to listen back to yourself and gain perspective.

9. Reframe Emotional Language

When experiencing strong emotions or desires, change your internal framing from “I am angry” to “there is anger” or “there is desire.” This linguistic shift helps you perceive emotions as transient phenomena separate from your core self, leading to liberation from ego-driven greed and hatred.

10. Break Down Challenges “One Day”

When facing monumental challenges or despair, focus on surviving just one day at a time, creating a new 24-hour deadline each day. This breaks down overwhelming difficulties into bite-sized, manageable portions, making it easier to navigate and endure.

11. Briefly Contemplate Mortality

Occasionally allow a fleeting thought about your own mortality or that a current interaction might be the last. This can make you more attentive, mindful, compassionate, and forgiving in the present moment, vivifying it.

12. Judge Delusions by Outcomes

Assess whether a self-deception leads to kinder, better, more empathetic, or compassionate behavior (useful) versus exploitation, harm, or leading astray (dangerous). This allows you to discern between “good” and “dangerous” delusions, as the utility is determined by the consequences.

13. Use Social Norms for Influence

To encourage widespread adoption of a behavior, communicate that most people are already engaging in it and introduce a sense of scarcity for the desired action. This leverages human tendencies to follow norms and respond to perceived scarcity, promoting functional outcomes.

14. Question Naive Realism

Recognize that your view of the world is not necessarily the only or correct way, and that others may see things differently. This helps overcome naive realism, which often prevents empathy and compassion, allowing for a more open understanding of diverse perspectives.

15. Recognize Delusion as Privilege

Acknowledge that turning to self-deception can be a response to vulnerability and difficult life circumstances, and that the ability to forgo self-deception might be a form of privilege. This fosters greater compassion and less judgment towards others who rely on delusions to cope with their challenges.

16. Join Taming Anxiety Challenge

Download the 10% Happier app and participate in the free Taming Anxiety Challenge, which involves daily short videos with experts and 10-minute guided meditations. This helps build a healthier relationship with anxiety, manage stress, and change how you manage uncertainty.