← 10% Happier with Dan Harris

The Science of Making and Keeping Friends | Robin Dunbar

Aug 23, 2021 1h 3m 21 insights
Friendship might not necessarily be something you've considered to be an urgent psychological and physiological issue. On this show, we spend a lot of time exploring how the quality of our relationships determines the quality of our lives and our health. Sadly, in many ways, it's harder than ever to make and keep friends.  With loneliness and disconnection on the rise, it's clear that our society just wasn't constructed for social connection. And recent data suggests we're in a friendship crisis, with many of us reporting that we have fewer close friendships than ever. Our guest today is Robin Dunbar, an Emeritus Professor of Evolutionary Psychology at Oxford University and the author of numerous books on the development of Homo sapiens. Dunbar is perhaps best known for formulating "Dunbar's number," which is a measurement of the number of relationships our brain is capable of maintaining at any one time. He is a world-renowned expert on human relationships, and has a ton of fascinating research findings and practical tips for upping your friendship game. In this conversation, we dive into the science behind human relationships, the upsides and downsides of maintaining friendships on social media, the viability of friendships across gender lines, and what science says you can do to compensate if you feel you are currently lacking in close friendships.  Download the Ten Percent Happier app today: https://10percenthappier.app.link/install Full Shownotes: https://www.tenpercent.com/podcast-episode/robin-dunbar-372
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Quality Relationships

Recognize that the quality of your relationships fundamentally determines the quality of your life, making friendship an urgent psychological and physiological issue.

2. Boost Health Through Connection

Understand that the number and quality of your close friendships are the best predictors of your psychological and physical health and longevity, outweighing factors like diet or exercise.

3. Invest in Close Friendships

Cultivate a core group of about five ‘shoulders to cry on’ friends, as these intense relationships are crucial for support when your world falls apart.

4. Actively Maintain Friendships

Regularly engage with friends, ideally face-to-face, to prevent emotional quality from decaying and relationships from drifting into acquaintance status over time.

5. Seek Local Intimate Friends

If a very close friend moves away, consider finding a new local ‘shoulder to cry on’ friend who can offer physical presence and support when needed, as digital contact cannot fully replace this.

6. Compensate for Fewer Friends

If you have fewer friends, engage in about three voluntary activities (e.g., helping at church, hobby groups) to embed yourself in a social environment, which helps prevent depression.

7. Join Hobby Clubs or Volunteer

To make new friends, actively join hobby clubs, church/temple communities, or volunteer groups, as these provide ready-made social environments and regular opportunities to meet people.

8. Invest Time to Build Friendships

Be prepared to invest significant time, approximately 200 hours of face-to-face interaction over several months, to transform a stranger into a reasonably good friend.

9. Foster Social Bonding Activities

Engage in activities like laughter, singing, dancing, feasting, drinking alcohol, and telling emotional stories, as these trigger endorphin release and underpin social bonding.

10. Sing for Stronger Bonds

Utilize community singing as a powerful ‘icebreaker effect’ to quickly bond with strangers, as it can make them feel like they’ve known each other for life.

11. Engage in Group Activities

Participate in activities like singing, laughing, or physical exercise in a group rather than alone, as this dramatically ramps up the endorphin effect, leading to greater relaxation and contentment.

12. Practice Contemplation or Exercise

Engage in quiet contemplation (e.g., yoga, controlled breathing) or physical activity (e.g., jogging) to trigger an endorphin surge, providing feelings of relaxation, calmness, and peace.

13. Avoid Prolonged Social Isolation

Do not stay in social isolation for too long, as loneliness can eventually lead to serious psychological and physical consequences, particularly for the elderly.

14. Understand Your Social Style

Recognize whether you are an introvert (preferring fewer, more robust friendships) or an extrovert (preferring more, casual friendships) to optimize your social strategy, as both are equally valid approaches.

15. Understand Friendship Limits

Recognize Dunbar’s number of approximately 150 meaningful relationships you can maintain at any time, which helps manage expectations for your social network.

16. Manage Relationship Investment

Be aware that if you invest heavily in a new relationship (e.g., a romantic partner), it may cause existing friends to shift to outer layers of your social circle due to limited time and attention.

17. Leverage Digital Media Wisely

Use digital media (cell phones, social media) to maintain contact with distant friends, understanding that while it substitutes well for face-to-face contact, it may not be as satisfying.

18. Maintain Optimum Contact Frequency

See friends at an optimum frequency specific to the emotional quality of your relationship, being careful not to overdo it or tread on their existing commitments.

19. Use Gossip Positively

Understand gossip (in its original sense) as a declaration of commitment and a way to maintain relationships by spending time hanging out and conversing with friends.

20. Shun Malicious Gossip

Avoid using gossip maliciously or for negative propaganda, as it destroys trust, leads to ostracization, and is ultimately a short-term, destructive strategy for the community.

21. Use Conversation for Bonding

Utilize language and conversation most effectively when establishing new relationships, as it becomes less necessary in deeply bonded, long-term partnerships where understanding is often implicit.