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The Science Of Getting Out Of Your Head | Annie Murphy Paul

May 13, 2024 57m 23s 16 insights
<p><em>New episodes come out every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for free, with 1-week early access for Wondery+ subscribers.</em></p> <p>---</p> <p>An acclaimed science writer on how to upgrade your mind by using more than your head.</p> <p><br /></p> <p>When you think about thinking, most of us think of it as a supremely solo pursuit. You're in your head, concentrating and cogitating, all by yourself. But the science shows that if you want to improve your thinking, you need to get out of your head. Today we're going to talk about a concept called "the extended mind." Your mind isn't just in your skull: it's in your body, it's in the people around you, it's in your surroundings. The best thinking requires that you break out of what the writer David Foster Wallace called "the skull sized kingdom" and access these other resources.</p> <p><br /></p> <p>This may sound abstract, but our guest today makes it very practical. <a href="https://anniemurphypaul.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Annie Murphy Paul</a> is an acclaimed science writer whose work has appeared in the New York Times, the Boston Globe, Scientific American, Slate, Time, and The Best American Science Writing, among many other publications. She is the author of <a href="https://anniemurphypaul.com/books/origins/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><em>Origins</em></a> and <a href="https://anniemurphypaul.com/books/the-cult-of-personality-testing/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><em>The Cult of Personality</em></a>, hailed by Malcolm Gladwell as a "fascinating new book." Currently a fellow at New America, Paul has spoken to audiences around the world about learning and cognition; her TED talk has been viewed by more than 2.6 million people. A graduate of Yale University and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, she has served as a lecturer at Yale University and as a senior advisor at their Poorvu Center for Teaching and Learning. Her latest book is <a href="https://anniemurphypaul.com/books/the-extended-mind/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><em>The Extended Mind: The Power of Thinking Outside the Brain</em></a></p> <p><br /></p> <p>In this episode, we also talk about:</p> <p><br /></p> <ul> <li>How to use your surroundings to think better </li> <li>My favorite of the three areas of this book – thinking with our relationships</li> <li>Why "groupthink" isn't always a bad thing (OR you can say, the benefits of thinking in groups)</li> <li>What she called "extension inequality" – that this benefit of the extended mind isn't available to all people</li> </ul> <p><br /></p> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Related Episodes:</strong> <a href="https://www.tenpercent.com/tph/podcast-episode/tamar-gendler" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ancient Secrets to Modern Happiness | Tamar Gendler</a></p> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Full Shownotes:</strong> <a href="https://www.tenpercent.com/tph/podcast-episode/anniemurphypaul" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.tenpercent.com/tph/podcast-episode/anniemurphypaul</a></p> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Additional Resources:</strong></p> <p>Download the Ten Percent Happier app today: <a href="https://10percenthappier.app.link/install" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://10percenthappier.app.link/install</a></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Embrace the Extended Mind

Recognize that your mind extends beyond your skull into your body, surroundings, and relationships. Actively leverage these external resources to enhance your thinking and learning processes, rather than relying solely on internal mental effort.

2. Externalize Ideas Physically

Get abstract thoughts and information out of your head and onto physical space, such as whiteboards, post-it notes, or multi-monitor setups. This makes thinking more efficient and effective by resembling activities your brain evolved for, like manipulating objects and navigating 3D space.

3. Cultivate Interoceptive Awareness

Practice body scans for at least a few weeks to tune into the continuous flow of sensations and signals within your body. Increased interoceptive attunement provides valuable non-conscious information, leading to better decision-making.

4. Integrate Movement into Thinking

Incorporate physical movement into your work and thinking processes, such as taking walking breaks, dancing between meetings, or pacing when stuck. Moving your body, especially in fluid ways, can prime your mind for creative thought and help ideas flow.

5. Leverage Your Physical Surroundings

Spend time thinking outdoors to replenish drained attentional resources, as the brain processes natural stimuli effortlessly. Indoors, use evocative objects that serve as cues of identity and belonging to prime positive associations and enhance focus.

6. Harness Social Interaction for Thought

Engage in social activities like productive debates, storytelling, or teaching peers to activate dormant mental processes. Looping your thoughts through others’ minds can enhance and improve your ideas in ways that solitary thinking cannot.

7. Develop Transactive Memory Systems

For complex group projects, establish a transactive memory system where individuals specialize in knowing different aspects of the project. This allows the group to access a vast pool of knowledge beyond what any single person could hold, improving overall effectiveness.

8. Model Thinking for Novices

When mentoring or teaching, explicitly model your thought processes by breaking down complex tasks into micro-steps and exaggerating important aspects. This makes your expert knowledge accessible to beginners, overcoming the challenge of automatized expertise.

9. Encourage Natural Gesturing

Allow and encourage yourself and others to gesture freely while speaking, even in formal settings like Zoom meetings. Gestures, especially symbolic ones, make thinking less effortful and expression more fluid, aiding both the speaker’s cognition and the listener’s comprehension.

10. Journal to Evaluate Intuition

Keep an interoceptive journal to track your internal body signals and what they suggest, then compare these intuitions against the actual outcomes of your decisions. This practice helps you learn when to trust your gut feelings and when to rely more on conscious thought.

11. Create Activity-Permissive Environments

Design workspaces and classrooms that allow for varied body positions and movements, such as standing desks, yoga balls, or wiggle stools. This helps individuals, especially those who are fidgety or have ADHD, regulate their arousal and alertness, leading to better focus and attention.

12. Foster Group Cohesion

Promote synchronized movement, like walking together, or shared rituals, such as meals, within groups. These activities can create a sense of ‘groupiness’ and shared understanding, making cooperation and collaboration easier and more effective.

13. Rethink Evaluation Metrics

When assessing individuals, acknowledge that access to ‘outside the brain’ resources (like freedom to move, green spaces, or knowledgeable mentors) is unequal. Consider this ’extension inequality’ to identify untapped potential and avoid relying solely on brain-bound measures like test scores.

14. Bring Greenery Indoors

Introduce indoor plants and natural elements into your work or living environment. Even small amounts of greenery can provide a mentally calming and pleasing effect, similar to being outdoors, and help replenish mental resources.

15. Take Short Movement Breaks

Instead of only taking coffee breaks, incorporate short bursts of physical activity, such as dancing or a quick walk, between periods of intense mental work. This helps release energy, get the body moving, and refresh the mind.

16. Rehearse Gestures for Presentations

When preparing for a talk or presentation, consciously consider and rehearse your hand movements and body language in addition to your verbal content. Symbolic and beat gestures can significantly enhance audience understanding and engagement.