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The Science of Emotion Regulation: How It Impacts Health, Performance, and Relationships. | Ethan Kross

Feb 5, 2025 1h 17m 25 insights
<p>Practical strategies for managing our emotional lives.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.ethankross.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Dr. Ethan Kross</a>, author of the international bestseller <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Chatter-Voice-Head-Matters-Harness/dp/0525575235" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><em>Chatter</em></a><em>,</em> is one of the world's leading experts on emotion regulation. An award-winning professor in the University of Michigan's top ranked Psychology Department and its Ross School of Business, he is the Director of the Emotion and Self-Control Laboratory.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>In this episode we talk about:</strong></p> <ul> <li>What an emotion actually <em>is</em> </li> <li>The myth that we should only experience positive emotions </li> <li>Why sometimes avoidance is a smart strategy</li> <li>The six emotional "shifters" we can use to regulate our emotions</li> <li>The role of our senses</li> <li>How to use mental time travel to shift perspective</li> <li>And the role of our surroundings, relationships, and culture </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Related Episodes:</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.meditatehappier.com/podcast/tph/ethan-kross-365" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#365 The Voice in Your Head | Ethan Kross</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.meditatehappier.com/podcast/tph/emma-seppala-764" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">The Neuroscience Of: Emotional Regulation, Relationships, Body Image, And Intuition | Emma Seppälä</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Follow Dan on social:</strong> <a href="https://bit.ly/3tGigG5" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Instagram</strong></a><strong>,</strong> <a href="https://bit.ly/3FOA84J" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>TikTok</strong></a></p> <p><strong>Subscribe to our</strong> <a href="https://bit.ly/3FybRzD" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>YouTube Channel</strong></a></p> <p><strong>Our favorite playlists on:</strong> <a href="https://spoti.fi/3Qa8kMT" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Anxiety</strong></a><strong>,</strong> <a href="https://spoti.fi/3MjtMxF" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Sleep</strong></a><strong>,</strong> <a href="https://spoti.fi/3QvyA5J" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Relationships</strong></a><strong>,</strong> <a href="https://spoti.fi/3QxZASc" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Most Popular Episodes</strong></a></p> <p> </p>
Actionable Insights

1. Believe in Emotional Agency

Understand that while automatic emotional reactions are uncontrollable, you can control the trajectory of those responses once activated. This belief is crucial for motivating efforts to manage your emotions effectively.

2. Recognize Negative Emotions’ Function

Shift your mindset to view negative emotions (like anger, sadness, anxiety, pain) as functional tools that help you navigate the world, rather than states to avoid at all costs. They are beneficial when experienced in the right proportions.

3. Reject ‘Good Vibes Only’ Mindset

Discard the unrealistic and detrimental belief that you should only experience positive emotions. This mindset devalues the functional benefits of so-called negative emotions.

4. Self-Experiment with Shifting Tools

Actively test different emotion regulation tools to discover which ones work best for you in various situations. Embrace the idea that there are no one-size-fits-all solutions for managing emotions.

5. Practice Compassionate Self-Talk

Alter your inner dialogue by speaking to yourself with grace and compassion, similar to how you would speak to someone you care about. This helps reroute difficult emotions and provides self-support.

6. Employ ‘Fierce’ Self-Talk/Coaching

Use a disciplined, coaching-style inner voice (e.g., ‘You got this,’ ‘Get your act together’) to motivate yourself. This is a form of compassionate self-talk that can be very effective.

7. Mentally Time Travel to Future

When overwhelmed by a negative emotion, ask yourself how you will feel about the situation tomorrow, next week, or next year. This activates the understanding that the experience is impermanent and will eventually subside.

8. Mentally Time Travel to Past (Personal)

Broaden your perspective by recalling past instances where you successfully navigated similar challenging situations. This reminds you of your resilience and ability to overcome difficulties.

9. Mentally Time Travel to Past (Others’)

Gain perspective by reflecting on the challenging experiences of others (e.g., historical figures, family members) and how they persevered. This can put your current struggles into a broader context.

10. Strategically Use Music

Leverage music as a powerful sensory shifter by intentionally choosing songs that align with your desired emotional state. Use it to amp up, calm down, or shift your mood.

11. Utilize Affectionate Touch

Seek out or offer acceptable and desired affectionate touch (e.g., hugs, back rubs) to activate positive emotions and provide soothing comfort. Touch is the first sense to develop and a potent emotional activator.

12. Observe Pleasant Visuals

Intentionally look at pleasant things in your environment, such as artwork or nature, to soothe your emotions and shift your focus. These visual cues can have a calming effect.

13. Engage with Nature

Take walks in safe, green settings to leverage nature’s multi-sensory benefits, including pleasant smells and soothing sounds. Nature acts as a very powerful regulatory tool for emotions.

14. Strategically Use Avoidance

Recognize that there is a time and place for temporary avoidance of emotional triggers, allowing time to pass to lessen the intensity of a reaction. This can be particularly helpful when you are highly activated.

15. Remove Environmental Triggers

Deliberately eliminate cues from your surroundings that elicit unwanted emotional responses, such as putting your phone out of sight or removing tempting foods. This prevents automatic emotional reactions.

16. Titrate Approach and Avoidance

Practice the art of flexibly shifting between mindfully engaging with difficult emotions and strategically avoiding them when your system is overwhelmed. Return to engagement when you feel more ready to process.

17. Design Restorative Spaces

Intentionally arrange your living and working environments with items that evoke positive emotions, such as photos of loved ones or plants. These elements can passively influence your emotional state in a desired direction.

18. Visit Restorative Spaces

Identify and deliberately visit physical locations (e.g., a favorite park, coffee shop, or your home) that provide a sense of safety, security, and restorative emotional qualities. These ‘oases’ can impact your emotional temperature.

19. Conduct Emotional Advisor Audit

Identify the people you typically turn to when struggling with emotions and evaluate if they effectively help you process and shift your perspective. This helps you build a strong support network.

20. Seek Perspective-Shifting Listeners

Engage in conversations with people who not only listen empathetically but also, at an appropriate point, help you broaden your perspective on the problem. This prevents co-rumination and promotes problem-solving.

21. Influence Others’ Emotions Strategically

Use your knowledge of emotional shifters (e.g., music, attention steering) to help others in your life manage their moods. This could involve playing specific music to lift someone out of a funk.

22. Evaluate Cultural Beliefs, Practices

Reflect on the cultural groups you belong to (home, work, religion, friends) and assess whether their shared beliefs, values, and practices support your emotional regulatory goals. Culture is the ‘air we breathe’ and profoundly impacts us.

23. Influence Your Micro-Cultures

If in a leadership position within a smaller group (e.g., family, team), consciously tweak the culture by emphasizing beliefs, values, norms, and practices that foster desired emotional directions. This can create a more supportive emotional environment.

24. Leave Toxic Cultures

If you are part of a culture that negatively impacts your emotional life and you lack the agency to change it, consider leaving that group. Sometimes, removing yourself is the appropriate action for your well-being.

25. Think in a Foreign Language

If fluent in a second language, consider thinking about emotional problems in that language. Research shows this can strip away some of the emotional intensity and lead to more rational decision-making.