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The Science of Depression | Sona Dimidjian

Jan 19, 2022 1h 2m 20 insights
<p> </p> <p>This episode features one of the world's leading experts in depression and how meditation can help. Dr. Sona Dimidjian is a professor in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and the director of the <a href="https://www.colorado.edu/crowninstitute/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Renée Crown Wellness Institute</a> at the University of Colorado, Boulder. This episode explores the seasonal impacts on depression, the research on how meditation can help depression, and what she calls "behavioral antidepressants."</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Content Warning: There are a number of references to suicide in this conversation. </em></p> <p> </p> <p>Be sure to check out TPH's newest show, <a href="https://www.tenpercent.com/childproof" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Childproof</a>, available wherever you get your podcasts. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Full Shownotes:</strong> <a href="https://www.tenpercent.com/podcast-episode/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.tenpercent.com/podcast-episode/sona-dimidjian-413</a></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Practice Self-Kindness in Mindfulness

Approach mindfulness practice with an attitude of kindness and gentleness towards oneself, avoiding self-judgment or harshness when facing challenges or perceived failures. This prevents mindfulness from becoming another tool for self-criticism and fosters a more effective learning process.

2. Practice Decentering Thoughts

Learn to notice thoughts, sensations, or emotions as they are, stepping back from them (decentering) rather than getting caught in mental narratives or dwelling on the negative. This skill helps to intentionally bring awareness to experiences and counter the risk of rumination and fixation, which can predict depression relapse.

3. Cultivate Meta-Awareness

Develop the capacity to step back and observe thoughts, sensations, or emotions with ‘meta-awareness,’ like watching clouds passing in the sky or leaves floating along a stream, instead of getting pulled into them. This helps prevent getting lost in mental patterns and strengthens your ability to disengage from unhelpful narratives.

4. Implement Behavioral Activation

When experiencing depression, use behavioral activation by noticing the connection between your activities and how you feel, identifying ‘behavioral antidepressants’ that bring accomplishment, connection, or enjoyment. Systematically schedule these activities into your daily routine with support, starting feasibly to avoid overwhelming yourself.

5. Create Personal Antidepressant List

Identify and list activities that personally bring you a sense of accomplishment, connection with others, or enjoyment, such as being in nature, exercise, cooking, spending time with loved ones, reading, or meaningful work. This personalized list serves as a resource for behavioral activation to counter depression.

6. Engage with the World Actively

During acute episodes of depression, prioritize skills that focus on action and engaging with the world to counter the powerful tendency to avoid and withdraw. This helps to reconnect people with sources of enjoyment, reward, and relationships in their lives.

7. Engage to Counter Self-Focus

Recognize that depression often involves self-focused rumination, and actively engage in activities that draw you out of your own head and into the world around you. Such engagement is critical for happiness and countering negative self-involvement.

8. Persist Despite Herculean Effort

Understand that engaging in beneficial activities like exercise or social interaction during depression can feel like a Herculean effort due to the strong pull towards withdrawal and isolation. Acknowledge that these simple, powerful, and essential actions are worth the difficulty, even when every fiber of your being pulls away.

9. Practice Loving Kindness Meditation

Dedicate specific times (e.g., five, ten, twenty minutes) on a regular basis to formal loving kindness practices, repeating phrases like ‘May I be well’ or ‘May I be filled with loving kindness.’ This builds a valuable resource for navigating challenging moments with self-kindness and compassion for others.

10. Intentionally Direct Attention

Cultivate the capacity to intentionally direct your attention, which is one of the two specific skills trained in mindfulness-based programs for mental health. This skill helps you to engage with difficulties more effectively and strengthens your focus.

11. Set Daily Intentions

Utilize the powerful force of intention by engaging in simple, brief practices like clarifying and setting an intention for the day. This can help guide your mindset and actions, providing a clear focus for how you wish to approach your day.

12. Brief Kindness for Challenges

In challenging moments, such as before public speaking, take a brief pause (e.g., 30 seconds) to notice what’s present in your experience and respond with self-kindness, kindness for others, and an intention to be of benefit. This integrates self-compassion into daily life without carving out additional time.

13. Practice Mindful Eating

Bring qualities of awareness and kindness to the act of eating, which is something done multiple times a day, as a foundational practice in developing mindfulness skills. This integrates practice into existing daily routines without requiring extra planning or scheduling.

14. Apply Teachings to Self

Remember that you are ‘one of the one’ when considering the impact of practices like kindness and gentleness, ensuring you apply these principles deeply and authentically to your own life. This personal application is crucial for genuine benefit before extending these practices outwards.

15. Notice Sneaky Value Judgments

Pay attention to how value judgments and the tendency to judge or blame can subtly influence your approach to practice and learning, especially when linking your essential self-worth to how you perform. This awareness helps prevent self-criticism from festering and undermining your progress.

16. Seek Community in Practice

Actively seek out learning environments that foster a sense of community when engaging in mindfulness and self-compassion practices, especially for depression and anxiety. This helps counter the isolation, stigma, guilt, and shame often associated with these mental health challenges.

17. Practice Compassion Meditation

Engage in compassion meditation as a protective practice, especially when exposed to suffering through media or daily life, to foster connection and provide tools for responding to and taking action in the face of adversity. This helps prevent desensitization or withdrawal when confronted with others’ suffering.

18. Enroll in Structured Mindfulness Programs

For those with a history of depression and lingering symptoms but not in an acute episode, consider enrolling in structured programs like Mindful Mood Balance or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). These programs offer a systematic, scaffolded learning arc integrating mindfulness with cognitive and behavioral therapy strategies to prevent depression relapse.

19. Understand Antidepressant Efficacy

Be aware that antidepressant medication shows significant benefit over placebo primarily for the most severe cases of depression, and its benefits typically persist only as long as the medication is taken. This information is crucial for making informed decisions with a healthcare provider, contrasting with the enduring benefits seen in mindfulness-based programs.

20. Use Light Therapy for Seasonal Mood

For individuals whose experience of depression is directly influenced by seasonal shifts, using light boxes or other methods to directly address circadian rhythms can be extremely helpful in remediating mood impacts. This approach targets the biological rhythms disrupted by changes in light access.