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How And Why To Avoid The Siren Call Of Cynicism | Dr. Jamil Zaki

Sep 2, 2024 1h 13m 25 insights
<p><em>New episodes come out every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for free, with 1-week early access for Wondery+ subscribers.</em></p> <p>---</p> <p>This Stanford psychologist has evidence that being a cynic is bad for your health, and offers a non-corny alternative. </p> <p>Dr. Jamil Zaki is a professor of psychology at Stanford University and the director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab. He's the author of <em>The War for Kindness: Building Empathy in a Fractured World,</em> and his new book is called <em>Hope for Cynics: The Surprising Science of Human Goodness</em>.</p> <p><strong>In this episode we talk about:</strong></p> <ul> <li>What cynicism is, and why it's so appealing</li> <li>His own history as a "recovering cynic,"</li> <li>How to know if you yourself are a cynic</li> <li>A step-by-step guide to start developing the "hopeful skeptic" mindset</li> <li>How to get better at disagreeing with other people, including some rules of engagement</li> <li>And how to encourage kids not to become cynical</li> </ul> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Related Episodes:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.happierapp.com/podcast/tph/jamil-zaki-298" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">How (and Why) to Hack Your Empathy | Jamil Zaki</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.happierapp.com/podcast/tph/jamil-zaki-375" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Reversing the Golden Rule | Jamil Zaki</a></p> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Sign up for Dan's weekly newsletter</strong> <a href="https://bit.ly/3QtGRqJ" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>here</strong></a></p> <p><strong>Follow Dan on social:</strong> <a href="https://bit.ly/3tGigG5" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Instagram</strong></a><strong>,</strong> <a href="https://bit.ly/3FOA84J" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>TikTok</strong></a></p> <p><strong>Ten Percent Happier online</strong> <a href="https://bit.ly/46TZglY" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>bookstore</strong></a></p> <p><strong>Subscribe to our</strong> <a href="https://bit.ly/3FybRzD" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>YouTube Channel</strong></a></p> <p><strong>Our favorite playlists on:</strong> <a href="https://spoti.fi/3Qa8kMT" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Anxiety</strong></a><strong>,</strong> <a href="https://spoti.fi/3MjtMxF" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Sleep</strong></a><strong>,</strong> <a href="https://spoti.fi/3QvyA5J" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Relationships</strong></a><strong>,</strong> <a href="https://spoti.fi/3QxZASc" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Most Popular Episodes</strong></a></p> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Full Shownotes:</strong> <a href="https://happierapp.com/podcast/tph/jamil-zaki-cynic" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://happierapp.com/podcast/tph/jamil-zaki-cynic</a></p> <p><br /></p> <p><strong>Additional Resources:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Download the Ten Percent Happier app today: <a href="https://10percenthappier.app.link/install" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://10percenthappier.app.link/install</a></li> </ul> <p><br /></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Avoid Cynicism for Health

Understand that cynicism is detrimental to both mental and physical health, leading to depression, anxiety, loneliness, heart disease, and even a shorter lifespan. Actively working against cynicism is a self-interested act for personal well-being.

2. Embrace Hopeful Skepticism

Cultivate a mindset of hopeful skepticism as a healthier and happier alternative to cynicism, which is linked to depression, heart disease, and isolation. This approach involves being open to evidence without being naive, rather than assuming the worst.

3. Differentiate Hope from Optimism

Understand that hope is the belief that things could turn out well, while optimism is the belief that things will turn out well. Embracing hope, with its inherent uncertainty, is more action-oriented and drives efforts towards a desired future.

4. Acknowledge Negativity Bias

Recognize that humans have an evolutionary ’negativity bias,’ making it easier to pay attention to negative information and threats. Acknowledging this inherent bias is a crucial first step in overcoming cynical tendencies.

5. Self-Diagnose Cynicism

Evaluate your own level of cynicism by taking the Cook-Medley Cynical Hostility Scale online or by observing your reactions to others. Notice if you frequently suspect ulterior motives in kind actions or feel anxious when deciding to trust, as these are signs of cynicism.

6. Fact-Check Your Cynicism

Actively question your cynical feelings and black-and-white conclusions about people or the world by asking for evidence to support these claims, applying an analytical perspective to your own thoughts. This helps you become skeptical of your own biases and avoid being pulled backward into cynicism.

7. Practice Loving Kindness Meditation

Engage in loving kindness (Metta) meditation by silently repeating phrases like ‘may you be happy, safe, healthy, live with ease’ while envisioning various beings. This practice can build your capacity for warmth and shift your emotional baseline towards positivity, directly combating cynical tendencies.

8. Take Calculated Leaps of Faith

Intentionally take calculated risks by trusting others, even when you feel apprehensive, to gather evidence about their trustworthiness. These small experiments can provide hopeful data that counters cynical assumptions and deepens connections.

9. Cultivate a Reciprocity Mindset

Understand that your actions influence others’ behavior; trusting someone is a gift that often inspires them to be more trustworthy in return. Adopting this mindset makes you more willing to trust and can make those around you more reliable.

10. Reframe Disagreement as Opportunity

Shift your perception of disagreement from a frightening, toxic experience to an opportunity for learning and connection. People are often surprised by how positive and reasonable these conversations can be, making them better than anticipated.

11. Ask Questions, Not Statements

In disagreements, prioritize asking questions to understand the origin stories and personal experiences behind others’ opinions, rather than just making declarative statements. This approach disarms people, making them more willing to share and listen.

12. Identify and Name Common Ground

Actively look for and explicitly state points of agreement during disagreements to establish shared understanding and clarify the precise points of divergence.

13. Admit Uncertainty in Discussions

When unsure about a point, openly admit it rather than pretending to be confident. This fosters honesty and genuine exchange, contributing to more receptive and productive conversations.

14. Reclaim Openness and Curiosity

Actively embrace openness and curiosity as virtues in all conversations, especially with those you disagree with, rather than viewing them as vices. Listening does not equate to condoning another’s view or betraying your own side.

15. Avoid Trying to Convince Others

Recognize that directly trying to convince someone often makes them resistant; instead, adopt a ‘deep canvassing’ approach. Ask about their experiences and stories first, then share your own, as this reciprocal listening is more effective for attitude change.

16. Consume Across Ideological Spectrum

Make a conscious effort to consume information and follow individuals from across the ideological spectrum. While potentially frustrating, this practice broadens your perspective and is beneficial for understanding diverse viewpoints.

17. Challenge False Polarization

Actively question the assumption that those with opposing views are more extreme or hateful than they truly are. Recognizing ‘false polarization’ can open possibilities for productive conversation, compromise, and peace.

18. Leaders: Own Your Mistakes

As a leader, take responsibility and apologize for your mistakes, especially when your stress or actions negatively impact your team. This crucial step helps rebuild trust and fosters a healthier, more open environment.

19. Leaders: Establish Shared Values

For any community or team, initiate a conversation to define and document core shared values, focusing on why you are there and what you care about. This provides a clear North Star that guides actions and builds a cohesive culture.

20. Leaders: Practice Underbearing Attentiveness

Offer ‘underbearing attentiveness’ by being consistently present and available to your team, but without being pushy. This demonstrates trust in their autonomy while ensuring support is readily accessible when needed.

21. Leaders: Trust Loudly and Explicitly

Explicitly state your belief in your team members’ capabilities and provide reasons for that trust, rather than just assuming they know. This reinforces positive expectations and encourages individuals to rise to the occasion.

22. Unhide Positive Qualities

Recognize that many people secretly yearn for connection, collaboration, and empathy; therefore, actively express your own positive qualities and desires. This encourages others to do the same, fostering a more open and trusting environment.

23. Collect Data on Shared Desires

Conduct anonymous surveys or gather data within your community to reveal widely shared positive desires, such as for connection or collaboration. Presenting this empirical evidence can powerfully unhide these qualities and build collective trust.

24. Parents: Be Mindful of Threat Narratives

As a parent, critically assess the stories you tell your children about the world, ensuring you don’t inadvertently create a worldview solely focused on threats. Over-emphasizing dangers can shrink their capacity for trust and foster cynicism.

25. Parents: Practice Positive Gossip

Implement ‘positive gossip’ by sharing positive information and stories about people with your children. This, combined with fostering an open mind and encouraging leaps of faith, helps the next generation develop trust and counter cynical tendencies.