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Dr. Judson Brewer, Using Mindfulness to Beat Addiction

Feb 15, 2017 1h 22m 20 insights
Psychiatrist and addiction expert Judson Brewer was researching better treatment options for alcohol and cocaine addiction patients and found, through clinical studies, that meditation could significantly help break these behaviors or "habit loops" and prevent relapses. Brewer, who is now the director of research at the University of Massachusetts School of Medicine's Center for Mindfulness, founded a company called Claritas MindSciences, which uses neurofeedback techniques combined with mindfulness exercises for several conditions, from eating disorders to smoking addiction.
Actionable Insights

1. Cultivate Curiosity as Core Practice

Cultivate curiosity as the central quality of your meditation practice and daily awareness. This provides the energy for sustained practice and investigation, helping to break habit loops and understand your experience, rather than using brute force which is ineffective.

2. Turn Towards Cravings with Curiosity

When experiencing a craving, turn towards it with curiosity instead of succumbing or resisting. Observe what it feels like in the body, recognizing that the unpleasant sensation will pass, and injecting curiosity can flip the experience from unpleasant to pleasant.

3. Observe Your Habit Loops

Become aware of your personal ’trigger-behavior-reward’ habit loops by paying attention to what happens each time you indulge in a craving. Understanding this loop is the first step to breaking it, as indulging reinforces the habit.

4. Pay Attention While Indulging

When indulging in a craving, especially for unhealthy food or smoking, pay close attention to the actual experience (e.g., taste, sensation). This practice helps dismantle the habit loop by bringing awareness to the actual experience, potentially leading to stopping when full or realizing the experience isn’t as good as anticipated.

5. Distinguish Excitement from Joy

Learn to distinguish between ’excitement’ (often contracted, finite, and causing suffering) and ‘joy’ (expansive, wholesome, and intrinsically rewarding). Mistaking excitement for happiness can lead to suffering and compulsive, addictive behaviors, whereas seeking joy is sustainable.

6. Calibrate Contraction vs. Expansion

Calibrate your experience to notice whether you are contracting (creating boundaries, self-referential) or expanding (connecting with the world, selfless) in any given moment. Consciously choose actions that lead to expansion, as contraction leads to suffering and separation, while expansion leads to ‘flow’ states.

7. Embrace Effortless Awareness

Recognize that awareness itself is effortless; it takes no effort to know you are breathing or to feel sensations. This understanding counters the tendency to ‘win’ at meditation through brute force, making practice more natural and less effortful, with effort only required to gently return attention after distraction.

8. Let Your Senses Rip

Consciously ’let your senses rip’ by allowing yourself to effortlessly see, hear, and feel whatever is happening in the present moment, rather than being caught in compulsive thinking. This breaks through mental ‘papier-mâché,’ allowing you to experience the world directly, which feels good and is effortless.

9. Reflect on Actions (Before, During, After)

Before performing an action, reflect on it. If not possible, reflect during the action. If not possible, reflect afterwards to learn from the experience, as this systematic reflection builds wisdom, allowing you to bring awareness to actions in real-time and eventually before they occur.

10. Stop Beating Yourself Up

Avoid beating yourself up over past actions or mistakes, as self-blame is a contracting experience that reinforces negative habit patterns and doesn’t help you move forward.

11. Manage Cravings When Depleted (HALT)

Be aware that your prefrontal cortex (responsible for restraint) goes offline when you are Hungry, Angry, Lonely, or Tired (HALT), making you more susceptible to cravings. Cultivate wisdom by remembering past negative consequences of indulging when depleted.

12. Mindful Indulgence Over Abstinence

Instead of aiming for complete abstinence (which can fail when cognitive control is low), practice mindful indulgence by paying attention while consuming small amounts of desired items. This is a more sustainable long-term strategy than abstinence.

13. Hone Curiosity on Everyday Objects

To develop curiosity, start by practicing it on everyday objects or experiences, such as during walking meditation by observing leaves, bark, or sidewalk patterns. This helps hone the skill of curiosity, making it easier to apply to more subtle objects like the breath.

14. Practice Expansive Loving Kindness

When practicing loving kindness meditation, focus on tapping into an expanding quality in the heart, rather than a rote or effortful process. This approach makes the practice feel more natural, expansive, and genuinely pleasant.

15. Address Doubt with Curiosity

When doubt arises during meditation (e.g., ‘Am I doing it right?’), notice it and observe its feeling (contracting or expanding), treating doubt as a teacher. Noticing doubt and its qualities can take its power away and turn it into part of the practice.

16. Apply Skinner Box to Life

Apply curiosity to observe the experiential difference between contracted states (e.g., craving, anger) and expansive states (e.g., sensory awareness). This observation helps you naturally avoid unpleasant, contracted states and gravitate towards pleasant, expansive ones, similar to a rat learning in a Skinner box.

17. Use Apps for Habit Change

Utilize apps like ‘Craving to Quit’ or ‘Eat Right Now’ to learn mindfulness skills for breaking habits. Use your phone as a tool for positive change, especially in contexts where the habit usually occurs, as it provides tools at your fingertips and allows learning in relevant contexts.

18. Start Meditation During Suffering

Start meditating when suffering or facing stress (e.g., trouble sleeping, starting stressful programs), using resources like Jon Kabat-Zinn’s ‘Full Catastrophe Living.’ This can address suffering and stress.

19. Meditation’s Broad Life Impact

Practice daily meditation and engage in community/retreats, paying attention in daily interactions (e.g., interviewing, working with teams). This can be surprisingly helpful and can positively influence career and life decisions.

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